Milk Transmission of Mammalian Retroviruses

The transmission of viruses from one host to another typically occurs through horizontal or vertical pathways. pathways include amongst individuals, usually bodily fluids excretions, while transpires mother their offspring, either during pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding. While there are more than 200 human pathogenic date, only a small number them known be transmitted via breast milk, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and T cell lymphotropic (HTLV-1), the latter two belonging family Retroviridae. Breast milk is common characteristic among mammalian retroviruses, but lack reports summarizing our knowledge regarding this route retroviruses. Here, we provide an overview exogenous retroviruses with focus on Orthoretrovirinae, highlight whether they have been described suspected covering various species. We also elaborate production composition discuss potential entry sites oral transmission.